Cultural Intelligence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cultural Intelligence - Research Paper Example The paper analyzes cultural intelligence in relation to cultural experience. It focuses on cultural intelligence development pattern and growth. Cultural intelligence is made of different components that mark the development of an individual in its application (Earley & Mosakowski, 2004). The components include behavioral, cognitive and motivation. The cognitive part of cultural intelligence entails the use of one’s brain to learn about different cultures. It is all about the experience and knowledge obtained from interacting with different people. Experience is crucial to the development of cultural intelligence because it provides firsthand information that is critical to the application and development of the acquired knowledge. Personally, I understood the importance of cultural intelligence when I had a chance to stay together with Afghanistan soldiers/translators to discuss national security matters. I faltered in some aspects, but the cognitive part of my cultural intelligence helped in facilitating successful interaction with the soldiers. The best way to develop the cognitive part in a given situation is the development of learning strategies. The learning strategies ensure one learns without jeopardizing the relationship with the group involved in the experience. In retrospect, my learning strategies entailed observation and adaptation. I focused on how the soldiers related with each other and the other foreigners. The observation yielded information that could help in comprehending the most important practices among the Afghan people. It was an opportunity to assess their attitudes toward different aspects (Boonghee, Donthu, & Lenartowicz, 2011). It became to retain the information because I could compare it to the practices in the Western culture. Self-awareness and knowledge played a cultural experience with the soldiers. Self-awareness made it possible for me to focus on how

Determining Databases and Data Communications Essay Example for Free

Determining Databases and Data Communications Essay In this paper the writer will seek to respond to the questions designated for both scenarios. This paper will list typical fields for each type of data. Provide an example of two relationships that you need to track. This paper will also answer the questions of: Do you need a database system? If not, can Excel ® handle the data and the output? What are the advantages and disadvantages? Would you use a personal database or an enterprise database? Explain your answer. Would a decision support system (DSS) be helpful? Explain your answer. When directing companies who work diligently with computer technology, it becomes increasingly imperative to have an adequate knowledge of the technology that is obtainable. This will allow those who have to manage information to make the most effective choice concerning what technology should be used for the company. In the two scenarios, making the best choices in technology allows the manager to best confer time and energy with superficially formidable responsibilities. For instance, in the first scenario, an marketing assistant of a consumer electronics company is asked to not only maintain the booths for various trade shows from beginning to end, but is also asked to ensure that there any issues that arise during the delivery of the products are resolved. First, it is important to realize what information should be maintained in order to best ensure that the tools that are used during the trade shows. In cas es like these, it would be important to have a list that details what displays, equipment and booths are needed for specific trade shows, as well as when the displays, equipment, and booths should be shipped to the area and back. For example, if a trade show located in Tulsa, OK only needed one booth with one display in order to accommodate the space, it would be the job of the marketing assistant to ensure that the various parts made it to Tulsa, as well as ensure that the booth and display made it back to the office for future use; it would be necessary to know when it would be sent, as well as when it will be delivered back (which could be maintained with the knowledge of the delivering postal tracking number). In order to keep track of what is necessary for each trade show, there are several technological tools that would be instrumental in maintaining the information that will be transmitted. While one could use an Excel to begin the process of tracking the information that is needed, it would not be the best method of collecting that type of information, and it could be overwhelming over time. A database, on the other hand, could handle the information that is contained, and would allow the marketing assistant to create reports later on that can be used to analyze what changes could be made in the future whether it is making earlier shipments in order to ensure that it reaches an area on time, etc. (Middleton, 2009). Since there would only be one person keeping track of the information, it would not be necessary to create an enterprise database, which would have the capabilities of being made available to other departments within the company (Web Definition, 2012). This would allow one person to maintain the pertinent information that other departments may need without having too many people managing information, which could lead to confusion regarding where equipment is or what is needed for certain trade shows. Also, in order to maintain the large amount of information that would come from managing various trade shows, it would be necessary for the marketing assistant to have a decision support system, which is a â€Å"computer system that is designed to provide assistance in determining and evaluating alternative courses of action† by â€Å"acquiring data from the mass of transactions of a firm,† by â€Å"analyzing it with advanced statistical techniques to extract meaningful information,† and by â€Å"narrowing down the range of choices by applying rules based on decision theory (Web Definition, 2012).† This will allow the marketing assistant to gain better knowledge of what could be improved upon for future trade shows. In the second scenario, technology has to be used in order to manage a consulting team of seven, some of whom work in an office and others who work from home. In this case, ensuring that there is equ al accessibility to each employee is paramount to maintaining the business. A wide area network, or WAN, would help to accommodate the needs of employees who are working in the office as well as those who work from home. The WAN would create several LAN connections that would allow workers to the same access to important information regardless of where they are (John, 2009). Also, for projects that more than likely will be time-sensitive, employees within the consulting team will have access to the printers and other equipment’s that is a part of the network, so that tasks are completed in a timely manner (John, 2009). While there are certain security risks with using WAN that includes the potential infiltration from people other than employees and the possible placement of viruses that would threaten the maintenance of information that is stored, the use of anti-virus programs and other programs would help to protect the computers and information that they have, and the benefit far outweigh the potential risks. Also, a wireless access would better assist the team in completing tasks in different areas. Like WAN, wireless access would assist employees in gaining pertinent access to the information may normally be stored in in the office. For a consulting team who works in different areas, privacy and computer protection become a relevant problem that can be addressed with creating a virtual private network, or VPN. A VPN would ensure that the information that is held at the office for the team remains on a network that would only be accessible by the team, and it would prevent others who are not a part of the team from placing viruses on the computers or accessing the information, which could greatly hinder the completion of tasks and the accessibility of information. When considering what wireless networks should be used, cost as well as features must be considered. Excel documents often help to organize this information in order to assist leaders in making decisions regarding the best wireless network to purchase. For instance, if a wireless network is priced low but does not offe r the speeds or other features necessary to operate for a company, the network would not be good to expend money on. However, it could be equally dangerous to expend a lot of money on a wireless network that has a lot of features that may or may not be used. As a result, this requires that a company list the various features that would be necessary for the functioning of the company. The company can then review the list of features that are included for wireless networks that they are considering, listing the price of each network. This allows them to find the wireless network that best meets their companys needs without paying a lot of money for it. In conclusion, having a working understanding of the technology that is available to a company can help managers make wise and efficient choices regarding what tools should be used. In the first scenario, using databases in comparison to excel documents allows the marketing assistant to properly track equipment that is used on a daily b asis, as well as track where it is being shipped to. In the second scenario, using WAN or wireless networks allow a team to maintain access to pertinent information that could help employee’s complete tasks in a timely manner regardless of their location. In these ways, technology assists companies in maintaining their business. References: Decision Support System. (2012). â€Å"Decision support system.† Retrieved from: http://www.decisionsupportsystem.info/ Middleton H. (2009). â€Å"Maintaining a relational vs. flat file marketing database.† Retrieved from: http://www.dbmarketing.com/articles/Art223.htm Charlene N. (2010). â€Å"Benefits of developing maintaining a database.† Retrieved from: http://www.reviveprojects.com.au/blogs//2010/10/06/benefits-of-developingmaintaining-a-customer-database- Web Definition. (2012). â€Å"Enterprise data.† Retrieved from: www.dataclaritycorp.com/cognos-glossary.html

Cause and Effect Essay: Deteriorating Health Causes Problems for Elderly Drivers :: Cause and Effect Essays

Driving is a simple task that many of us do on a daily basis. Most people are safe drivers, while a few are incapable of driving safely. Safe and capable is how most senior citizens can be viewed; however, there are some factors that can make a senior citizen dangerous behind the wheel. Some of the problems with the elderly today are that their reflexes react slower, they are hearing impaired, or a physical health change can be a big problem. Research has shown everyone ages differently and growing old does not necessarily mean a person becomes a safety hazard on the road. Much depends on the person's physical and mental health as the years pass. Because people age differently there should be certain test given to the elderly after the age of 65. First, an annual hearing test should be given to the elderly. About thirty percent of those over age 65 are hearing impaired. The ability to hear is more important to driving than most people realize. Hearing can warn a driver of danger signals like the sound of screaming sirens, honking horns, or screeching tires. There are occasions when a driver can hear a car but can't see it because of a blind spot. Good hearing helps drivers to be sensitive to what is happening on the roadways around them. Secondly, An annual visual acuity test should be given to the elderly. The elderly are not tested periodically so more often than not visual changes occur and go undetected. Passing a simple eye-test should guarantee clear sight. But many elderly people have visual defects that make it difficult for them to see road signs and pedestrians. Senior citizens may need to slow their vehicles to read a road sign, which can put them at risk for an accident with faster traffic. If they do not slow down, the risk may be smaller, but they cannot read the sign. Obviously, challenge of driving is not one that can be easily solved for the elderly. Lastly, a test on sensory motor skills should be given to the elderly. Cause and Effect Essay: Deteriorating Health Causes Problems for Elderly Drivers :: Cause and Effect Essays Driving is a simple task that many of us do on a daily basis. Most people are safe drivers, while a few are incapable of driving safely. Safe and capable is how most senior citizens can be viewed; however, there are some factors that can make a senior citizen dangerous behind the wheel. Some of the problems with the elderly today are that their reflexes react slower, they are hearing impaired, or a physical health change can be a big problem. Research has shown everyone ages differently and growing old does not necessarily mean a person becomes a safety hazard on the road. Much depends on the person's physical and mental health as the years pass. Because people age differently there should be certain test given to the elderly after the age of 65. First, an annual hearing test should be given to the elderly. About thirty percent of those over age 65 are hearing impaired. The ability to hear is more important to driving than most people realize. Hearing can warn a driver of danger signals like the sound of screaming sirens, honking horns, or screeching tires. There are occasions when a driver can hear a car but can't see it because of a blind spot. Good hearing helps drivers to be sensitive to what is happening on the roadways around them. Secondly, An annual visual acuity test should be given to the elderly. The elderly are not tested periodically so more often than not visual changes occur and go undetected. Passing a simple eye-test should guarantee clear sight. But many elderly people have visual defects that make it difficult for them to see road signs and pedestrians. Senior citizens may need to slow their vehicles to read a road sign, which can put them at risk for an accident with faster traffic. If they do not slow down, the risk may be smaller, but they cannot read the sign. Obviously, challenge of driving is not one that can be easily solved for the elderly. Lastly, a test on sensory motor skills should be given to the elderly.

Essay --

Throughout history, Term limits have been a very controversial issue as well as a powerful reform regarding politics. Term limits can best be defined as a restriction or a limit to a number of times an official may be elected or serve. For years, American politics have been dealing with the movement to limit political terms. Though there are some who disapprove of term limits for Congressmen, there are many Americans who have approved. There is widespread support on Term Limits, which shows us that the public is dissatisfied with what is occurring in Congress presently. In many states, cities and counties across the United States term limits have been established for state and local officials. Congress is currently running on a system of seniority. Individuals who have spent the most time in office gain more power. As a result, these Congressmen focus on how they can stay in office and that plan leaves limited room for fresh new officials to have a chance to make changes. Term l imits should be placed on our Congressmen and women because it would allow for a more efficient Congress. The problem with not having term limits is that one person in Congress exercise too much power. As John Adams said, â€Å"Without [term limits] every man in power becomes a ravenous beast of prey.† (Smith 73). Similarly, Thomas Jefferson once stated, â€Å"To prevent every danger which might arise to American freedom from continuing too long in office, it is earnestly recommended that we set an obligation on the holder of that office to go out after a certain period.† (Smith 73). Our country needs term limits in Congress for several reasons. Presently, in Congress there are members who serve very lengthy terms. Members in the House of Representatives ser... ...rse legislature.† (Epstein 855). Term Limits would make being apart of Congress more possible. Millions more Americans would find it an attractive option for them. To sum it all up, Term limits presently occur all over the country in state legislatures and they are working. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, 15 states currently have term limits for legislatures. Term limits increase the likelihood of turnover in state legislatures. Term limits also weaken seniority systems in state legislatures. Term limits help non-traditional candidates such as Hispanic, African American and Asian to run for seats in state legislatures. It is time to change the system so that people who care about the future of our nation and our state can and will compete fairly to represent us. That is what democracy was meant to be, and that is what it can be again.

The Go-Between

The Go-Between Essay †The Go-Between† is a short story written by Ali Smith in 2009. The story was written for a collection of short stories written to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the United Nations’ adoption of the universal declaration of human rights. The writer found inspiration in article 13, which describes the right to freedom of movement. The story follows the 33-year-old former microbiologist who gives us a direct insight into what it means to be African refugees on the border between Morocco and Spain. â€Å"I was a microbiologist, before. † (Page 3, line 32-33)The narrator is even, for some reason, fled his native Cameroon, and has on several occasions tried to flee across the border to Europe. None of his attempt is successful, and they have cost him part of his ear and a finger. He explains in detail about how flight tests were done and what treatment he has received from the authorities. The narrator has abandoned himself to escape and ha ve now settled in the Spanish city of Ceuta, located in Morocco. Here he lives in a small room with three others, where he works as a guide (Go-between) for newly arrived refugees.He establishes contact between aid organization doctors and refugees. He speaks several languages and can put the switch in position. â€Å"The French doctors can be Italian, Spanish, French, English, for instance. I speak these, and also some others. † (Page 2, line 31-32) The novel provides a powerful insight into the miserable and tragically conditions refugees in North Africa. The story is told through a first person narrator, who tells the story in the past tense. The narrator seems to be at a distance of the actions he describes.The narrator is authoritarian by virtue of the fact that he is anticipating the events of the story. Given the fact that the story is told by a first person narrator, there is only one point of view. Obviously we are dealing with an inner point of view; the events are being viewed with inner sight from the narrator's point of view. We are only told about the narrator's own thoughts and what he feels and senses. As mentioned, the narrator has several times attempted to flee to Europe, but all the experiments have failed, and he has every time been sent back.The first time the narrator is trying to reach Europe, his ladder number two breaks, and he gets caught out in nowhere between the two fences that separates Europe and Africa. Here he lives for six weeks, with the help of the workers who are about to put the fence up. Finally prisoners police him and send him back to Africa. The second time the narrator, along with 500 other refugees, tries to jump over the two fences that separate them from Europe. During the trial he, loses a part of his ear, then they all get caught and sent back to Africa.Before repatriation, they are chased by dogs, beaten with sticks and shot at. They are not officially recorded, as is supposed, but are simply sent back to Africa. The third and fourth escape attempt takes place in the water, but the narrator gets picked up by patrols boats both times. One of those times he loses a finger on one of the barbed wire fence that is set up under water. After the many unsuccessful escape attempts, the narrator helps the African refugees who arrive from Ceuta. â€Å"†¦ I help the French doctors. Borders are not always visible!I can go between people and places. I can go to the bits of the city they can’t, or the buildings they can’t, or the people they don’t know about, or the people who don’t wish to be seen. I can take them with me; I can tell the people its okay. † (Page 2, line 39-42) The writer uses an unusual writing style in his short story, which starts in medias res with a question; â€Å"You know what Spain is? † (Page 1, line 1) That the story starts in medias res means that there is no introduction or opening, and the reader is not presented to the situation, persons or setting of the story.So you don't know what has happened in advance of the situation you are presented to. The most conspicuous feature in the story in terms of writing style is the fact that it is written like if the narrator is talking to somebody. That we can tell by the questions, the informal, the casual language and the missing questions marks. It is almost like you are reading a part of a conversation between the narrator and someone else. We are only introduced to the narrator, which makes him the main character.The only things we know about him is his former work and his physique. As mentioned before, he is a educated man who speaks several languages. He does also quote the scientist Van Leeuwenhoeck. We are told that he is 33 years old, and in the end of the story he describes himself as a slight man. â€Å"I’m a small, slight man. I’m not a big man. I’m lean and slight. My stature is slight. My coat is a bit too slight – here comes the winter. † (Page 4, line 120-121) The story seems to be critical of the problems concerning freedom of movement in the world.We’ve been given an insight in a world where freedom of movements is non-existent. To show this, Ali Smith uses irony as a very effective way of calling people’s attention to the problem, which he is perfectly illustrating through the short story. He wants to draw people’s attention to the fact that the human right are not fulfilled, and that politicians all over the world has to look at this problem, because the people who are supposed to register the refugees apparently don’t know how to do their job.The refugees are injured, humiliated and chased, â€Å"†¦ with dogs, sticks, electric shock sticks and gun†¦ † (Page 1, line 23-24) The short story can be seen as a wake-up call to the world. Instead of celebrating the anniversary, action should be taken. â€Å"Now it the time to actually fulfil the rights we have given people and not just be satisfied with the ways things are functioning at the moment. † – Ali Smith

Guide to Writing an Interview Essay

Guide to Writing an Interview Essay How to Write up an Interview Essay or Paper Interview essay is an essay that gives the various perspectives on a topic with evidence from the interviews with different people. The Interview Process Should Include:The written questions you are going to ask. Your time-management (set time-frame for your meetings with people). Your questions that you are going to put and the answers that youll record. The process of reviewing and analyzing the results. The very process of writing your essay (where you will begin with your question followed by a summary and proceed with the analysis of your questions and the answers).Interview Essay vs. Research Paper Writing this very type of essay, you are free to make people not books your sources. Especially useful in interview essays is the opportunity to get a first-person viewpoint on a subject, with no difference is this about a persons life or something in which they are a pro. It Should Be a Meaningful Essay: It means that its easy to make this very sort of paper especially meaningful if you describe your family members or interview people who do activity or job youd like to try yourself. Where Interview Essays can be found: anyone who reads magazines and newspaper is familiar with these sorts of papers. While magazines and newspapers are presenting interviews with musicians, politicians, or actors, excellent interview essays can make just the ordinary people. Essays that are written by talking to ordinary people and their life history are called oral history. Best Interview Advice on How to Do the Interview A Good Question Is a Must:The point is you need to pick the best question which will reflect your arguable topic which in its turn suggests different peoples opinions will definitely vary. You Give People an Opportunity to Explain Their Answer: its not only about asking a question. The interview somehow turns out to be better when the person you are asking does have a personal opinion about the given question. Dont Forget about Follow-Up Questions:Follow-up questions are inevitable when you need to get peoples opinions and more information about the topic. Mind not to ask the same follow-up questions to everybody; instead, try to ask various questions and let the conversation flow the particular way it goes. Its Better to Interview in Person Facetime, Skype whatever is possible and most convenient for both of you, the point is to see and hear the person as the tone of a voice and persons expression does matter. Moreover, thus you are able to ask more questions if there is the slightest misunderstanding. The Suggested Interview Essay QuestionsWhat will be your actions when you are asked for money by a homeless person? What are the most valuable and priceless qualities personally for you in a friend? What does family (or freedom, life to the fullest, friendship, true love) mean to you? Whats your biggest passion in life and why? Whats the most important lesson youve learned in college? Why do you like volunteering if you do and what does volunteering give to you? Think and name the most annoying thing a professor can ever do? Which way does your family affect you the most? Is there is anything you dislike about your physical appearance and how you feel about it? Think of the most significant historical event in your lifetime? Do you believe that people can change and they do change as the age? Name the most vital thing youve learned from your parents? Name the person who influenced you the most? What are the best possible ways for families to stay close? If you have to identify the most important school subject to learn, which one it would be?While Conducting an Interview You should note the first and last name of the person, and then comes the question (the main one and any major follow-up question). The questions that you may ask during your interview in order to get more information:What made you think so? What are the reasons? Do you have any examples to illustrate your point of view? Think of the reasons from people with the opposite view to do so and change their mind?Then you may add a quotation, something youd like to quote from them word for word. When it Comes to Analyzing Interviews Mind to:Create a list where youll list the reasons given by the people and the number of people with each point of view; Identity is it a negative reason or a positive one; Do you suggest this very reason to be an interesting and important one? Whats your personal view of this very reason? Is it valid?When It Comes to Organizing Your Interview Notes Mind to put the reasons in a logical way, the following are the possible methods in ordering them:Underline the reasons that matter the most Introduction of the positive reasons which are followed by negative ones or vice versa the negative reasons and then the positive ones The reasons you do not agree with, which are followed by the ones you agree with Unusual reasons which come first, then pretty typical.While outlining the interview paper, keep in mind to structure it with introduction, body, and conclusion.

Edwards Surname Meaning, Origin and Family History

Edwards Surname Meaning, Origin and Family History Edwards is a patronymic surname meaning son of Edward. It derives from the early medieval English given name, Edward, meaning prosperous guardian, from the Old English Eadward, composed of the elements ead, meaning prosperity or fortune, and w(e)ard, meaning guard. Edwards is the 53rd most popular surname in the United States and the 17th most common surname in England. Surname Origin:  EnglishAlternate Surname Spellings:  EDWARDES, EDWARDSON, EDWARD, EDWART Famous People With the EDWARDS Surname Jonathan Edwards: Protestant  Theologian, Philosopher, Journalist, Educator, ScholarGareth Edwards: Welsh rugby playerBlake Edwards:  American film director, producer and screenwriterTeresa Edwards: American basketball player; Olympic medalistRobert Alan Bob Edwards:  American author, radio journalist and host  Clement Edwards:  Welsh lawyer, journalist, trade union activist and Liberal politicianPierpont Edwards: American lawyer, judge and delegate to the American Continental Congress Where Is the EDWARDS Surname Most Commonly Found? According to surname distribution data from Forebears, Edwards is the 800th most common surname in the world. It is especially prevalent in the United States, where it ranks 51st, as well as England (21st), Australia (26th), Wales (14th), Trinidad and Tobago (18th), Jamaica (14th) and New Zealand (23rd). Within England it is most common in Shropshire, where it is the 5th most frequent surname. It is also the 7th most common surname in both Flintshire and Denbighshire, Wales. Ellis is found most frequently in Wales, according to WorldNames PublicProfiler, followed by Australia, New Zealand and the United States. Genealogy Resources for the Surname EDWARDS Edwards Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Edwards surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Edwards query.FamilySearch - EDWARDS  Genealogy: Explore over 7.6  million  historical records which mention individuals with the Edwards surname, as well as online Edwards family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.GeneaNet - Edwards  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Edwards  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. Resources and Further Reading Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Machiavelllianism essays

Machiavelllianism essays The Effect Machiavellianism Has On Managers Machiavellianism is a construct which has been widely researched by contemporary scholars across the globe. As Matt has talked about how Niccolo Machiavelli provided recommendations for political leaders in terms of behaviours which have been linked to manipulation, cunningness, and deception. Damon has touched on how these political recommendations can be adopted in the business realm and Jenny has discussed how Machiavellianism is a way of thinking, which leads on to my section of study, why do certain managers adopt this way of thinking in their management methods, and what external factors differentiate some managers to others. This is a relevant study because it is essential to assess differences in managers to establish why or why not these managers adopt Machiavellianism to their management methods and if so to what magnitude. I will discuss differences in managers as it is important in fully understanding the second part of our question, why does Machiavellianism affect some managers more than others. As it is illustrated in our management book, Machiavellianism is a measure of the degree to which people are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance and believe that ends justify the means. As Jenny has talked about, Machiavellianism is not a given set of rules that managers need to follow; but a way of thinking. It is more often than not the case that managers utilise certain aspects of Machiavellianism and frown upon others. There are three major differentiating factors in managers that I will be talking about; a managers background, culture and managerial position. First we will start off with background. A managers background can adversely effect how they run a business and the different approaches they use in the workforce. A persons upbringing can vastly affect their values, beliefs and attitudes which mould their views on business and ...

ICJ case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ICJ case - Assignment Example The Security Council can only seek the ICJ’s opinion regarding a certain case or decision (Angehr, 1017). This means that Abrocanto’s idea of demonstrating that the ICJ has a right of review is nullified. Ralivia is right since the Security Council has already passed the required resolutions on the matter. ICJ has the same rights as the Security Council and can only provide possible opinions, but only if the opinion is requested by the Security Council (Schweigman). Concerning the review over the Security Council’s actions in general, the role of ICJ in exercising review over the actions of the Security Council has remained unclear for many years. The has been initiated by the need of ICJ to rule according to international law on those disputes treated in the political process of the General Assembly and Security Council (Matheson). Essentially, the ICJ should hardly the roles of the other UN political organs in the course of maintaining international security. Being the principle organ of the UN according to article 92 does not make it to have absolute right over the other organs. The actions of the Security Council are thus independent of the ICJ (Schweigman, 31). Regarding matters of international peace and security in particular, the ICJ has the right to review the actions of the Security Council. The question of ICJ review of the Security Council regarding international matters can be established through the Lockerbie case 1, which was before the International Court of Justice for more than a decade (Angehr, 1007). The case dismissal in 2003 without any decision raised questions about judicial review regarding the UN major political organs and the decisions made. The review of the Security Council by the ICJ was the main agenda. The Security Council had sought a resolution urging Libya to turn over the required

Summarize Queen Magdas journey Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summarize Queen Magdas journey - Coursework Example On hearing the message stating her wish to depart, Solomon pleaded with her to stay so that he could show her how his government works and the state of his soldiers and dignitaries. Queen Magda complied after hearing all she had missed and attended King Solomon’s supper and she sat behind him as he had stated that she will linger behind him. Solomon ordered his servant to serve a repast for Queen Magda with the intention of making her thirsty. Solomon approached Queen Magda and begged her to reside with her in his quarters. The Queen made him make a vow that he would not touch her and she promised she would not touch anything that belonged to Solomon. Later in the night, she became very thirsty and she opted to take the water present in Solomon’s room. Solomon caught her and reminded her of their vow and she opted to break the vow for the water in the vase. They slept together and Solomon had a vision about the sun moving from Israel to Ethiopia. After her encounter, Ma gda sought to return to Ethiopia and Solomon gave her treasures and other precious things. He gave her his ring and told her to keep it as his token of love, and in the event that she bore a child, the ring would be a sign of his recognition. The Quincy Mayans Myth stated that the gods had sought to create humans who would come as a source of nourishment and sustain them in the light of the day. Later, humans and God's relations became poor and the humans fell out of favor with the gods for their lack of worship to the gods.

Clothing adaptation vs. weather and body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Clothing adaptation vs. weather and body - Essay Example The company has to strategize on the cheapest mode in which the materials get transported from the supplier. The company should also seek to diversify its resource use to make the very best from the material inputs. Such diversification may fall under designing subsidiary industry where by-products may be of value (Lewis 23). Competition is healthy for a company in a business environment. Within the same industry, No Forecast faces the problem of competing with other major companies. To compete efficiently, No Forecast should give out sample products to the consumer. Sample products help in familiarizing the products with the consumers. There is also the importance of an aggressive advertisement. The advertisement should be affordable and should cover a wide geographical area. Channels of advertisement have to reach as many people as possible. For instance, the company may resolve to use the internet to sell its products. The product has to be of higher standard and consumer friendly. Customers should feel proud by identifying with the No Forecast apparel (Lewis 45). For the brand to be popular, No Forecast can venture with a famous company so as to identify with the product. Selling the product by venture increases its chances of reaching the market faster. It should also aim at participating in the corporate social responsibility. Company’s brand has to stand out from its competitor. No Forecast should focus in distributing the product in different market spheres, especially those having greater purchasing power (Lewis 53). For buying of the company by another company, it has to be attractive and profitable. The company’s profile has to align with its visions and objectives. It has to be the best place that investors are comfortable doing business. The company has to maintain competitive strategies in reaching its goals. Employees have to be at the forefront in making the company a better place. The management should focus on the

Information system in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information system in Management - Essay Example It is therefore clear that by identifying strength position, business can take fair advantage, eliminate wrong situations and eventually creating sustainable advantage. Supplier power is one of the important forces which help business to determine ease of driving up prices by the suppliers. Business may counterbalance this force by standardizing specifications in parts for it to change among suppliers easily. Business may decide to add more vendors or even change technology to eliminate coming together of strong suppliers. By standardizing specifications, adding more vendors and changing technologies, it would be easy to weaken supplier power hence creating sustainable advantage (Porter, 2008). Additionally, there is buyer power which includes the number of buyers as well as their importance to the business. Business would have sustainable advantage if the number of buyers who can control the business and lower down pressure. Business should therefore attempt to disperse their buyers and ensure that not a few buyers can control it by dictating transactional terms. Moreover, business may have tremendous strength if there are few competitors in the industry. Competitive rivalry is a very crucial force that every organization must take serious note of. For sustainable advantage, a firm may decide to differentiate her products and add value as a way of staying ahead of their competitors. This will also reduce the threat of substitution through supplying of unique products that cannot be easily substituted hence boosting a business power. Furthermore, threat of new entry is very important because the easier it is to enter the market due to minimal cost and time, the bigger the threat. An organization should try as much as possible to guard her key technologies and increase economic of scales which strengthens durable barriers hence providing favorable position (Porter, 2008). It is important for every business to create value since it is out of the value created

Consumer behavior Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Consumer behavior - Article Example The consumers tend to involve themselves in the products and follow up on the progress of the offers. An example of enduring involvement is a motorcycle enthusiast who constantly researches about motorcycles to find the best models. Further, enduring involvement is characterized by substantial interest in activities that boost the enthusiasm. Such activities include going to motor showrooms to check the models in the market. Situational involvement occurs when a consumer is interested in a product for a short time. The situation happens mostly as a result of need or demand for a certain commodity. The consumer may not have information or necessarily be interested in a long term involvement and looks for information to enable him make a purchase decision. For example, a consumer may get involved in smartphones when he or she wants to buy a phone. However, the interest on smartphones fades when the consumer purchase a smartphone of his choice. There are instances where consumers report their interest towards a certain offering or decision. In such instances, the consumer exhibits felt involvement and feels motivated towards making decisions regarding certain offerings. A consumer gets involved in offerings that he or she has had a psychological experience with (Samli 131). Thus, felt involvement arises from a historical perspective of the consumer about a product. For example, a consumer may form a positive opinion about a car that he or she has witnessed winning car races. Cognitive involvement occurs when a consumer is keen on understanding the offers in the market before making a purchase decision. The consumer then compares the information against his goals and makes a wise decision. In essence, cognitive involvement treats information gathering as part of the objectives off the consumer. For example, a consumer interested in a Ford

Information system in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information system in Management - Essay Example It is therefore clear that by identifying strength position, business can take fair advantage, eliminate wrong situations and eventually creating sustainable advantage. Supplier power is one of the important forces which help business to determine ease of driving up prices by the suppliers. Business may counterbalance this force by standardizing specifications in parts for it to change among suppliers easily. Business may decide to add more vendors or even change technology to eliminate coming together of strong suppliers. By standardizing specifications, adding more vendors and changing technologies, it would be easy to weaken supplier power hence creating sustainable advantage (Porter, 2008). Additionally, there is buyer power which includes the number of buyers as well as their importance to the business. Business would have sustainable advantage if the number of buyers who can control the business and lower down pressure. Business should therefore attempt to disperse their buyers and ensure that not a few buyers can control it by dictating transactional terms. Moreover, business may have tremendous strength if there are few competitors in the industry. Competitive rivalry is a very crucial force that every organization must take serious note of. For sustainable advantage, a firm may decide to differentiate her products and add value as a way of staying ahead of their competitors. This will also reduce the threat of substitution through supplying of unique products that cannot be easily substituted hence boosting a business power. Furthermore, threat of new entry is very important because the easier it is to enter the market due to minimal cost and time, the bigger the threat. An organization should try as much as possible to guard her key technologies and increase economic of scales which strengthens durable barriers hence providing favorable position (Porter, 2008). It is important for every business to create value since it is out of the value created

Anger and Fear in Post-Traumatic Experiences Essay - 13

Anger and Fear in Post-Traumatic Experiences - Essay Example As the paper outlines. while Peter seems to be devoid of our usual notion of fear and anger, the ensuing analysis would indicate that he is actually suffering from these two emotions, albeit, in a different manner. Fear is defined as an emotional feeling generated when a person feels a threat or some form of harm manifested through bravado or anxiety and usually prompting a decision whether to fight or escape from it. Anger, on the other hand, is defined as a strong feeling of grievance and displeasure. How does fear and anger manifests in the seemingly jovial and confident Peter? From our definition of fear, we can see that Peter responds to the threat of permanent paralysis by using self-reassuring (bravado) techniques such as the ‘my parents will take care of it’ and rejection of the most probable outcome by constantly thinking that he will get better and be back to normal. Anger is not readily apparent as it is not outwardly expressed but one can surmise that Peter i s angry at himself for his unfortunate accident and the ensuing helplessness the paralysis has brought upon him. He grieves for himself and his reliance on his parents signifies his resignation. This suppressed anger at his situation is often referred to as ‘hidden’ anger. Traumatic events are multidimensional in nature and are perceived as extremely unpleasant subjective experience. Not only is the biological aspect of the body harmed but also the psychological well-being of the person. Psychological response to life-changing traumatic experiences differs for every individual and depends on his personality and cognitive appraisal. Herrero observes that certain personality types are more adaptive than others. Those with a healthy personality have been observed to be more optimistic and confident with their situation and treatment than those with personality disorders such as being schizoid, antisocial, dependent and avoidant.  

How ICT requirements are met in an organisation Essay Example for Free

How ICT requirements are met in an organisation Essay Report B: How ICT requirements are met in an organisation Before Haden was introduced ICT, everything was done by hand. This took longer and was not a reliable method of processing information. Haden has many departments and altogether they have many computers. I am going to only analyse one of those departments because doing the whole building with the number of computers will be ridiculous. The department I will be analysing is the Fraud department. This department deals with all the people committing benefit fraud. They work with the police to get those people in court. The Fraud department found it hard to cope without computers. When the computers were introduced everything was easy. Everything needed ICT. In the Fraud department there are 45 computers. Here are the specifications of the hardware. Hardware Input devices Keyboard- There is 40 standard QWERTY keyboards and 5 ergonomic keyboards. Ergonomic keyboards are QWERTY but the layout is different. The keyboards connect by PS/2 port. Mice- There is 45 standard mice. These come as default on all the computers. The mice connect also connect through PS/2 port. Digital Cameras- These cameras are devices that can take photos or moving images (films) and transfer them on to a PC. The images are JPEG, GIF, UGA, UFO or PSO. There are a total of 4 cameras in the department. The digital cameras connect to the via USB port. Scanners- There is 2 scanners in the department and they also transfer images to the computer. They work like photocopier but can transfer the images to a PC. This device also connects through USB port. Web Cams- The web cams are used to project moving images on to the internet. Only 7 computers have these and they are only used for handling confidential documents. The web cams connect to the computers by the USB port. The web cams are used for personal use. Well, thats what I think! An input device is something that transfers raw data into a computer for it to be processed. These can include images and evidence from fraud suspects. Output devices Monitors- There is 45 monitors. 5 flat screen monitors, also know as LCD (liquid crystal display) screens and the rest are standard default monitors which are CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors. The monitors connect through the serial port. Colour printer- The colour printers are used to print documents with Hadens header on them. The colour makes it more professional. The printers connect through the LPT or parallel port. These are the main output devices. They take raw information/data and give it back to us processed. Every computer has many different specifications inside and outside. The computers are all the same so it will be easy to describe them. Below are the specifications. Compaq Deskpro 40 GB Hard drive CD/CD-RW Drive Floppy Drive Zip Drive 512 mb DDR RAM 64 mb DDR Geforce 4 graphics card Creative soundcard Ethernet Card Modem port 4 USB 2. 0 ports 2 serial ports 2 LPT/parallel ports 2 Fire wire ports 2 PS/2 ports 1 game pad port 1 Network port The hard drives are big so that a lot of data can be stored. But there is a downfall to that. It is easier for files to get lost and the file security is not great. The RAM is a ridiculously large. It seems like the computers are made to play games and not do work. This also applies for the graphics card. It also has a large card memory. Most of it is wasted because it is not being used. The department can save a lot of money they had computers which are a bit lower on the specifications. (RAM, Graphics card etc) As all the computers are same, it is easy for me to describe only one of the computers specifications because they have the same specifications like the other computers in the department. There is a large server for the department. The server is very fast and quick. Below are the server specifications. Intel Pentium 4 M 3. 0 GHz processor memory 1024 mb DDR RAM 120 GB Hard drive Tape drive CD/CD-RW Drive Floppy Drive All the computers are Compaq brand. They are reliable and safe to use. Software The computers have different software installed on their hard drives. The computers are new. They have Microsoft Office 2002 installed on their hard drive. They also have other programs like anti-virus. Microsoft Word- This is the default word processing application. It is easy to use and it has many features like recording macros and inserting pictures. Microsoft Excel- This application is installed on the system but it is not used often. It may be used to do calculations for wages and salaries. I am not very sure what it is used for in this department. Microsoft Access- This application is not used. Database- Haden have there own database. It is very complicated to use their database. It comes up as a black screen with white writing. Almost like MS-DOS on old computers. The database holds information of people that have benefits and that commit fraud. You have to be trained to use the database because it is so complicated. This is what I think are in the databases: Name, address, post code, county, age, gender, contact details, national insurance number etc. Outlook Express- Easy to use and is fast for sending and receiving information. The e-mail is not for personal use. The companies boss can other employees can read the personal e-mails. Information is not confidential so it is a great and fast method of transferring data. Internet Explorer is used to surf the web for web related fraud. The internet has a special tracking device that seeks out people using other peoples insurance numbers and other details to get money. Intranet- All the computers are linked to an intranet. The intranet is a small network that only the company personnel can enter. No one from the outside, like me, can enter the intranet. Some of the files are password protected and only those who have the password can enter. Others are common files that everyone linked to the intranet can access. All personnel have their own password. They also have a card key that is used to enter the PC otherwise they do not have access. Norton System works is an antivirus application. All the computers have this software to protect against viruses. There is however a disadvantage. There is no internet firewall. Although one will be installed soon, the security is at risk and therefore hackers can enter easily. Evidence Eliminator is an application that is used to destroy unwanted fraud evidence from the Fraud departments computers. The evidence will no longer be available for hackers. Evaluation Hadens use of ICT is excellent. They are faster now than before computers were introduced. The department of Fraud has found that using ICT is a must for them. Most of it is writing up databases. They have improved in using their own database that has outstanding security due to it being hard to use. There are several advantages and disadvantages. The main one is that the computers can get out of date and will require fixing all the time. Another disadvantage is in the Fraud computers the security is not that good. Hackers can attack it easily. The evidence eliminator application will have to be used several times because there is no firewall and hacker can attack any time. The Fraud department has to step up its security to insure that it is safe to transfer files through the networks. Overall, the organisation has improved in keeping things up to date. The security has to improve for the internet, other than that; the company is sophisticated and well improved.

Decline And Fall Of Empires In The World History Essay

Decline And Fall Of Empires In The World History Essay Published on the Cappuccino Culture page of the Spectator web site on 23rd November 2009 under the heading Decline and Fall is an animated cartoon representing the relative sizes of empires from 1800 until the present day.  [i]  Each empire is represented by a blob that either increases or decreases in size over the period. The collapse of the red blob representing the British Empire, the biggest, is of course marked in the period from the end of the First World War. The only comment this web page elicits is one which notes, this was not interesting you stole three and a half minutes of my life. I offer this counter factual observation at the start of an essay which will set out to show that the British public do indeed have an interest of sorts in the history of their empire, but one that perhaps is not entirely at one with the views of historians. As a listeners comment on the BBC Radio 4 history of the empire puts it,  [ii]  half the world may hate the English for the su ccess that was the empire, the other half for the scourge inflicted upon them, but please stop it with the apologies. Put simply my argument is that while post colonial theories of empire may still be in the van for academics, the British publics view has developed a more Whigish tendency born of nostalgia. Niall Fergusson has come to be portrayed as the primary advocate of the notion of the benefits of empire. Niall Fergussons book, Empire: how Britain made the modern world,  [iii]  was accompanied by a television series on Channel 4. The success of the programme was to set up its presenter alongside the likes of Simon Schama and Kenneth Clarke, as a well known personality with his own cult of popularity. For Fergusson it raised a profile which is now established in neo-conservative circles in the US, and he has become a prolific commentator on current affairs for a number of media outlets. He is widely recognised as clever and provocative, and has continued to develop his controversial argument that the British empire was good for the world.  [iv]  While Fergussons forte is undoubtedly economics and finance, an area of scholarship where much of his other publications are situated, he does not skimp on ranging across the panoply of empire history including setting out where the British empire went wrong the horrors of slavery or the brutality that occurred at the Battle of Omdurma n. In asking whether the empire was on balance good or bad, his view can be summed in his own words that, no organisation has done more to promote the free movement of goods, capital and labour than the British empire in the 19th and 20th centuries. And no organisation has done more to impose western norms of law, order and governance around the world.  [v]   A Gallup poll taken in 1998 found a British populace who were unapologetic about the Empire. As the Economist noted, the politically correct idea that there was something shameful about colonising large swaths of the world had little resonance amongst the public.  [vi]  This was the same year that Tony Blair was busily articulating Britain as, Cool Britannia, a model 21st century nation to the Labour party conference. Whilst 60% of those polled regretted the empires passing, only 13% thought that the country could have retained its imperial possessions if it had wished. But the way Tony Blair talked about empire had changed to reflect this public mood. It had developed from what had been the normal reference in the leaders conference speech to decolonisation. By the 1997 conference the creation of a significant empire was one of a long list of British achievements. A minor change but perhaps significant given the New Labour ability at the time to sense and articulate the centre g round of the electorate. It is a tautological statement to say that nations develop differing narratives of their imperial legacy. Such narratives will help shape contemporary popular views. In particular, it will colour the judgement as to whether the loss of an empire was viewed as a defeat, and if so, whether there was a consequential impact on perceptions of national self esteem. Kumars comparison of the French and English experience is instructive.  [vii]  He notes that for the English the distinction between past and present is pointless: the future is viewed through the resource of a thoroughly assimilated history. This is contrasted with the turbulence of recent French history where the past remains alive. The result for Kumar is that the French now have a significant tradition of self reflection which manifests itself in a strong sense of nationalism and national identity. He contrasts this strongly with the English case. And in considering this more specifically within the context of empire, th e overall French perception was driven by their not being as successful as their imperial competitors, in either the scale of the empire they achieved, or the subsequent management of decolonisation. The end of the British Empire was not only rapid but also remarkably peaceful, notwithstanding some outbreaks of nationalist hostility. It was not accompanied by radical political upheaval: in Britain itself, all was calm. The British had seeming accepted the collapse of their empire with an equanimity bordering on indifference,  [viii]  which was a contrast with France and Portugal, where decolonisation was followed by political convulsion at home. As David Cannadine cogently puts it in a book of essays on Britains adjustment to the loss of empire, the British Empire may have been won in a fit of absence of mind, but as far as the majority of the population seems to have been concerned, it was given away in a fit of collective indifference.  [ix]  This is not a nation grieving a collective sense of loss. But such analysis maybe a little too simple. There could have been in the popular British psyche a deliberate trade off between the perceived benefits of keeping the empire as opposed to the alternatives. The eclipse of empire could have passed unnoticed against a backdrop to a shattering of the faith of imperial markets which occurred before decolonisation took place, and then after 1945 the social priorities that were accorded to the welfare state and industrial intervention to deliver material improvement.  [x]  It is clear this argument can be developed further to include other events in post war Britain such as the European Union dimension, and the unwillingness or ability to afford high levels of defence expenditure and its consequential impact. The reorientation from the east to Europe was well on the way by 1998 as the Gallup survey noted. 50% thought Europe rather than the empire meant more to Britain.  [xi]   A further complication to the popular view of empire can be developed, which is a tapestry of opinion that reflects the internal boundaries of the United Kingdom. The title of Condor and Abells work says it all in this regard, Romantic Scotland, tragic England, ambiguous Britain.  [xii]  The conclusions from the interviews that formed the basis of the research showed that in Scotland, respondents inferred heroic national character from Scotlands role in the Empire. Whereas in England, the story of empire was understood to represent a product of excessive nationalism. However, the concept of Britishness was in both groups understood to predate and postdate the history of empire. This is in fact just another way of saying that as a nation the British had assimilated the empire rise and fall to their own historical narrative. A consequence of the decolonising experience in Britain appears to have been that the recent teaching of history is devoid of content when it comes to the empire. Indeed if I recall both my O and A level history courses in the late 1970s, empire did not prominently figure. Such a notion was explored by a Prince of Wales summer school in 2003. The rub of the question was that if European imperialism was the most important historical trend of the 19th century, and the British Empire was the biggest and most important of the empires, why did it not it figure more prominently in schools teaching? As the Guardian reported, schools do week after week of British social history and only one week on the empire. In terms of significance it is not enough.  [xiii]   The knowledge of empire amongst a generation now one step removed from the Second World War and the decolonisation afterward is too superficial. Our aggravation Fergusson summed the point,  [xiv]  we can teach the British Empire without saying its either a good or a bad thing. It is both good and bad. One simply needs to know about it how it arose and how it declines. These questions arent in anyway politically loaded. Theres an incredible hangover from the 60s left that says anything about empire must be bad. Im in no way pushing my own interpretation of empire. Its just that it should be at the core of what we teach people about modern history. The reluctance of schools to teach the history of empire and even more the examination boards to set the syllabus is bamboozling and rather smacks of avoidance. But avoidance as a consequence of what embarrassment at the event or the analysis? An Ofsted report on the teaching of history in schools questioned whether a lesson on empire in a three year history course was sufficient given the subjects significance and concluded it was not.  [xv]  It found that pupils aged 16 would have had 3 or 4 lessons on the subject of empire in their previous 5 years at school. But this is not about providing a unitary explanation of empire in the classroom. The advice Ofsted gave to schools was that pupils should know about the empire and that it has been interpreted by historians and others in different ways. However, others in education were more strident in their criticisms. Dr Andrew Cunningham, a teacher, argued that while the empire might be forgotten in the UK, around the world this was far less likely to be the case where the imperial legacy was the English language, a strong sense of liberty, an impartial legal system and stable parliamentary government.  [xvi]  He also noted that the legacy lived on within the UK with an ethnically diverse populace drawn from across the former colonies and living together in relative harmony. In an increasingly globalised and interconnected world the existence of old links between peoples, such as language and law, are fundamental building blocks for future relationships. They together with immigration to Britain are important legacies from empire. The Commonwealth bruised and battered in the 1960s and 1970s retains a surprising utility as a dense global network of informal connections, valued by its numerous small states.  [xvii]  Whether or not this judgement shows a transition in the historical analysis of the empire by the BBC is only a question that the corporation itself might answer. But the analysis has moved on from that of an earlier BBC website for school children which starkly noted,  [xviii]  the Empire came into greatness by killing lots of people .. and stealing their countries. The issue of hindsight is key in considering historical perspective, and that is as true for analysis of the British Empire as for other events in the past. Time and distance aid the historian by answering the question of what happened next. It is only in the recent 10 to 20 years that histories of the British Empire can begin to be written by those for whom the ideology of decolonisation is a historical phenomenon. Now they are able to judge the claims and successes of what the Ghandis and company of the world constructed as well as assailed.  [xix]  In chronological terms, Fergusson fits neatly into the category of young historians that Richenberg had identified and to whom he offered such a proposition. As he says, many of the sins of dictatorship, tribalism and exploitation which the British committed in Africa have been overshadowed by those of their colonial successors. It is not that this legitimises the wrongs of the Empire, but it makes it easier for many to attempt to i nterpret what was a liberal empire as an intellectually flawed but not dishonourable attempt to solve problems. With little adjustment such observations would suffice for a publishing editors summary for the back cover of Fergussons book. While retrospection is an aid to comparative analysis it is also an equally useful tool for those who believe the legacies of empire might not always be viewed quite so benignly through such an optic. Jack Straw, when Foreign Secretary, identified Britains imperial past as the cause of many of the modern worlds political problems, including the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Kashmir dispute.  [xx]  Fergusson, perhaps predictably commented that Mr Straw was guilty of chanting the old National Union of Students refrain we are to blame.  [xxi]  Conversely though, there is a view for example that the partition in India/Pakistan was now far more important as the defining context for contemporary and future politics, than the legacy of the empire. Perhaps while retrospection helps it does need to be treated with a degree of caution. It is always easy to be wise after the event or as Barry Buzan from the LSE noted in the same article, like looking back at a game of chess; its much ea sier afterwards to work out what the moves should have been. In doing so he captured the views of other historians such as Andrew Roberts and J B Kelly. This gradual development of the view of Empire from apologist during decolonisation to now more benignly contemplative is most clearly reflected in the Commonwealth. Here former colonies are individual nations bonding of their own volition as equals. It shows too that the assimilation of history into a continuous narrative is not solely a British experience. As an institution during the 60s and 70s the Commonwealth was viewed by most as an irrelevance. Indeed during the 1980s, Britain was isolated over its stance on South Africa. Now it is a family of 54 member countries with membership across all the worlds continents, including 1.8 billion people, or 30% of the worlds population. Extraordinarily 50% of that combined population are under 25 and so, many are in some cases 2 or 3 generations removed from direct experience of colonial rule.  [xxii]   The Royal Commonwealth Societys website describes how all its members are united by agreed common values, principles, heritage and language. They also share similar systems of law, public administration and education and work together in a spirit of cooperation, partnership and understanding. The increasing status of the organisation is such that membership continues to grow to countries that were outside British colonial rule, for instance Rwanda. There is a binding of human experience and values implicit in what the Society says: it is not unrealistic or even nostalgic about the past but in effect says, we are where we are, lets look forward. Given the ethnic diversity of the British population, the Commonwealth is a link by which various disaporia can remain in touch around the world. The Commonwealth is for most of the British public the most visible living legacy of the empire, with its link championed by a monarch who has lived through the decolonisation process. A living body, not a colonial relic, the Commonwealth is a successful story which looks set to strengthen in the future. It has 5 of the worlds economically fastest growing countries (including India) as members and the connections arising from the legacy of British rule mean trading costs 15% less than elsewhere in the world.  [xxiii]  The Commonwealth has developed into a consensual, informal and adaptable organisation that could be uniquely useful. Such a view cannot help strengthen the bodys reputation in the British publics perception. As the number of Britons with recollections of colonialism are relatively few, such a modern image could well colour perceptions of empire and make its legacy appear benign. The passage of time might have started to heal some of the rawness that underpinned the harsher views of empire that were prevalent in the latter half of the twentieth century during the decolonisation process. The link between many of the liberation movements in the old colonies and Marxism was strong. The subsequent defeat of communism in west and the strengthening of liberal explanations of the benefits of market capitalism and democracy has also helped to soften the often black and white terms in which empires were viewed during decolonisation. But it is the case too that the political left might be leaving its traditionally hostile view of the colonial legacy behind. Clare Short as the Minister for International Development wrote to her Zimbabwean opposite number in 1998, (we are as a government) without links to our colonial interests.  [xxiv]   An example of overall softening of the retrospective views of empire was set out by Michael Palin in an interview when he became the new President of the Royal Geographical Society.  [xxv]  Believing that it might now be the time for Britain to stop fixating on the negative aspects of empire, he said, if we say that all of our past involvement with the world was bad and wicked and wrong, I think we are doing ourselves a great disservice. It has set up lines of communication between people that are still very strong. We still have links with other countries culturally, politically and socially that perhaps we shouldnt forget. Commenting on the interview the historian, Andrew Roberts,  [xxvi]  said, alleluia! Mr Palin is quite right to acknowledge that the British Empire has been taught in particularly abject way in recent years. But before we all get somewhat carried away, some sense of proportion is important. Historians do consider themselves the purveyors of what might be the inconvenience of truth. Though even they are sometimes forced to criticise the over enthusiasm of their profession. My point is ably demonstrated by David Anderson in a review of the work of the American historian Caroline Elkins.  [xxvii]  She had assessed the number of Africans killed by the British in the Mau Mau rebellion as 300,000. The figure had provoked considerable criticism including from Anderson who had personally researched the field. Noting the affect of such exaggeration was to give succour to defenders of the legacy of empire, he was quick to make the counter point. While the British were no more atrocious as imperialists that anyone else, they were no better. It is time we set aside British amnesia and squared up to the realities of our empire, he wrote. In British politics there has been for most of the 20th century amongst the left a perceived connection between colonialism and capitalism. The expectation was the demise of empire would facilitate the building of a socialist society. But even where over time the economic arguments against colonialism splintered or faded the principles of the right to national determination and a generalised internationalism survived.  [xxviii]  Movements such as that for Colonial Freedom, launched in 1954, had at heart a deeply held view that colonialism was an evil for British society as well as for the colonised because it was morally corrupting to the identity of the British self. If it is the development of broader political thinking in society that helps set the context for the acceptability or otherwise of fresh historical analysis, then there has been some perceptible recent shifts. A speech by Gordon Brown on Britishness in 2004 it drew both on leading historians of the British national story and cast a net into more right wing territory too. The reasoning was that it was politically disastrous for centre left parties to abandon the ground of national identity and patriotism.  [xxix]  As Brown reflected on the historical aspects of being British, there was a Whigish air to his account. Any sense that the political aspect of decolonisation is the pervading approach amongst historians has long started to ebb. Whilst the initial veer away from an Anglo-centric perspective on the break-up of empire still maintained some elements of a political theme, the focus has moved to the study of individual countries achievement of self-determination.  [xxx]  There is still a considerable way to go in the historiography of empire, for instance in terms of the study of womens history. Coincident with the increasing profile of Fergusson in the mid-noughties, a number of historians have delivered grounding breaking research into the legacy of empire along these new lines. Andersons research on the Mau Mau uprising in Kenya in the 1950s was one such case. Undermining the received wisdom of an orderly retreat and deals done at conferences is that empires are not glorious being concerned with the power relations, the domination, often de-humanisation, of one race by another. For Anderson the British empire was no different.  [xxxi]  His research has been more focused, not the coffee table book tableau view, but dealing with specific events or countries shining a light upward into how we might view the empire enterprise as a whole. The irony here though is not that Fergussons work is viewed as novel or controversial: rather it is the thesis that must be challenged, rather than challenge. However, Stephen Howes claim that Andersons work will transform our understanding of how the British Empire ended and force a wide re-evaluation of Britains modern history is pushing the point.  [xxxii]  The issue remains that a considerable body of the new work that is aimed at the wider readership is still Anglo-centric. The charge here is that Fergusson is not a heavyweight historian, with his works relying too heavily on secondary texts. As the reassessment of empire progresses with old mythologies being re-evaluated as opposed to rehashed there is a danger that work like Andersons are not permeating effectively enough into the popular histories  [xxxiii]  . Tapan Raychaudhuri in considering the legacy of empire from the Indian perspective argues that few serious historians in India see much that was good in Britains imperial record. However, there is little evidence to suggest that in terms of empires legacy with the British public that such a view has entered the genera l consciousness. The impact on Britain of the loss of an empire is different from that on the former colonial states who composed it. It can be hypothesised that the recent British experience was one of becoming a new nation born from a loss of identity (empire) rather than through the more normal moment of achievement of self-determination and sovereignty. The British and maybe its currently subordinate identities have only begun to value their status as a nation as they have lost its as an empire. Looking to the future, rather than embraced tradition, the past is a foreign country.  [xxxiv]  However, this thesis rather misses the point. The relationship to football that Robinson uses is not strong enough. Past results, whether triumphant or ignominious, are sustained in the pantheon of the football clubs history together with the folklore that accompanies them. It is no guide to future performance on the pitch but it is not dumped, as history becomes part of the living entity that is the club . Extrapolating to Britain, the same is true: history has not been forgotten but assimilated. The notion of popular imperialism is not a new one. Indeed the Falklands war in 1982 could be argued to be the last visible outpouring of such sentiment, though the peaceful return of Hong Kong is another somewhat less jingoist example. It should not be a surprise that a positive idea of the empires legacy or receptiveness (even amongst the cynicism of the Channel 4 commissioning editors) to the work of authors such as Fergusson does exist. The success of imperialism as a popular cultural phenomena during the 20th century was set out by MacKenzie.  [xxxv]  The empires popularity was a core ideology in Britain which later morphed into nostalgia. However, given natural human emotions, it would be hardly surprising that the visible and quick end of empire after 1945 would not evoke such sentiment. Equally the extent though that nostalgia was a means of escaping the harsh realities of the day is of course a moot point. Though as the Economist noted,  [xxxvi]  having taken the loss of empire relatively lightly, the British publics concept of identity had been fortified by a comforting set of images of national heroism derived from the Second World War. But nostalgia can be both melancholic as well as euphoric. In the late 1970s the economic and political challenges in Britain were different from today and discussion was focused on how their malaise coupled with the loss of an empire could be met.  [xxxvii]  Events like Suez summed up the sense of decline associated with decolonisation, but in the public consciousness, victory in the South Atlantic in 1982 has to some extent become linked with economic reform and major so cial readjustment. Today notions of nostalgia continue to be reinforced by newspaper articles,  [xxxviii]  for instance those covering the current troubles in Yemen. In an article headed, We regret driving out the British, ex-Marxist revolutionaries spoke nostalgically of imperial masters they had fought to remove. Whilst patently British rule is not going to return to Yemen, the continued theme of such articles together with similar ones that most of us have read with regard to the Indian sub-continent reinforce a narrative that underpins the articulation of the some of the putative benefits of imperial rule; albeit driven more by nostalgia than rigorous analysis. Whilst the revival of the neo-Whig view of empire is associated with Fergusson it is possible to see the earlier emergence of the same train of thought. Max Beloff noted that for younger historians coming of age when he was writing in 1995, an optimistic view of empire was not difficult to find, where the sins of empire had been redeemed by a legacy of democratic institutions and liberal ideas, notably represented by the Commonwealth.  [xxxix]  He continued, the history of the British Empire could be studied to see how this glorious consummation had been achieved. I would not be so bold as to argue that this was an executive instruction to Fergusson, but my point is that the structure of the argument was already there, albeit in an embryonic way. However, when Clements at a similar time made his plea for more analysis of the economics of empire as a means to aiding its public reassessment, he probably did not have the direction that Fergusson subsequently took in mind.  [xl]  Its conclusions were probably 180 degrees out from what he had anticipated. We have all engaged around the dining room table or at the pub in those rather spurious conversations along the lines of what if we hadnt won the first world war. Such counter factual analyses of history are popular but their value debateable. But it is unsurprising in the sense of the determination to provoke that Fergusson edited a book of counterfactual essays. Such work as Fergusson himself points out challenges conventional approaches to the study of history. E H Carr dismissed counterfactual history as a mere parlour game and red herring, while E

The Kings Pride Depicted in Shakespeares King Lear :: Free Essay Writer

When one examines the words â€Å"pride† and â€Å"self-respect†, it is possible one may assume that the two are identical in meaning. That the words go hand in hand like butter and bread. For quite some time I was pondering on the meaning of the two words â€Å"pride† and â€Å"self-respect†. The more consideration I put into the two the deeper I was in a maze of confusion. After a long thought on the subject I had come to my own conclusion. The difference between â€Å"pride† and â€Å"self-respect† is not in class as many believe but in quantity. While the word â€Å"proud† may be perceived as arrogant or conceited, â€Å"self respect† does the modification of the person under discussion. Self-respect can be thus referred to as the sophisticated form of one’s ego or pride. A person with self-respect is not necessarily egoistic as he or she may lead you to believe but is full of assertiveness, confidence and self-efficacy. One who carries pride is an illusion of superiority. Self-respect can be classified as the â€Å"dignity† of a person. One with self-respect would not show inferiority but at times of need would seek help and his ego would not be a barrier to doing so. When we say pride and self-respect have a fine line of differentiation then I mean, if pride is honorable, then it is not pride but self-respect. It does not ruin the person, if stays within the ego. If pride exits without the feeling of superiority or if pride allows respect towards the other person’s self respect then pride is allowing the person to be open to new things. Therefore pride is not pride actually but it is self-respect. In Shakespeare's â€Å"King Lear†, the tragic hero is brought down, like all tragic heroes, by one fatal flaw; in this case it is pride, as well as foolishness. It is the King's arrogant demand for absolute love and, what's more, protestations of such from the daughter who truly loves him the most, that sets the stage for his downfall. Cordelia, can be seen as Lear’s one true love, and her love and loyalty go not only beyond that of her sisters but beyond words, thus enraging the proud King Lear whose response is: "Let pride, which she calls plainness, marry her". Here, Lear's pride is emphasized as he indulges in the common trend of despising in others what one is most embarrassed of oneself.

Prince William :: essays research papers

Prince William tries to live a normal life, but being royalty makes it just too hard (Morton, Diana: Her True Story, 79). "He is the most fascinating person of 1997," says Walters (Unknown, Facts on Prince William, 1). Prince William lives an active life where he deals with disappointments of the past, but family members help him deal with the future. In Paddington, London William was born at St. Mary's Hospital (Gilmer, The Royal Archive, 1). Prince William Arthur Phillip Louis Mountbatten Windsor (Prince William) was born on the twenty-first of June in 1982 at approximately 9:03 PM (1). When the young boy first arrived, Queen Elizabeth II said at the hospital, "Thank goodness he hasn't ears like his father" (Morton, Diana Her True Story, 79). The birth of this child was glorious for he would one day rule Whales. The title of this prince would be known as either King William 5th of the House of the Windsor or King William 5th of the House of Spencer (Holdon, "Will William ever be King" Newsweek 47). This Prince averaging 6'2", weighing 140-145 pounds, with sandy blonde hair and hazel eyes is everything a girl could dream (Gilmer 1). Of the many hobbies and sports the Prince loves to do, he mostly enjoys shooting, skiing, rafting, rowing on the Thanes River, and swimming (Gilmer 2). Another hobby of William's is painting (2). Many people say he is really good at it (2). Also, in his free time he watches as much TV as possible so that he can stay informed of the world around him (2). This young love is a Cancer although his Birthday is borderline between Gemini and Cancer, but the sun moved into cancer at 5:23 PM United Kingdom Time. Therefore, Since he was born at 9:03 PM that makes him a cancer (Unknown 2, Prince William Fact sheet 2). There are many foods and drinks that William has taken a like to such as pasta, hamburgers, chocolate, venison, fruit salads, poached eggs from hens on his fathers estate, coke, and red wine (Gilmer 2). His Uncle Earl Spencer says that his characters are very different from the public image (Morton 149). "The press have always written up William is the terror and Harry as the rather quiet second son (149). He also has a black Labrador retriever named Widgeon (Unknown 1). Oh and also girls this man is able to marry anyone he chooses as long as his loving grandma approves of her first (Gilmer 2). Not only do you have to go through his grandmother, but also they hold all his mail back so that he

Snooker Essay

Snooker is a kind of billiard sport which is very popular in the UK. It is difficult and challenging to play it. It has a history over two hundred years (http://embassysnooker.net) and it is well developed and popular today. The rise of snooker can be traced back to AD 1875, when it was first invented in India. A British officer Neville Bowes, Chamberlain (Neville Bowes Chamberlain) and his help his comrades, who brought the idea to the UK. Before snooker, billiards already existed, and a variety of people played. Among them, there is something called the â€Å"black ball into the bag (Black Pool) play, Neville Bowes. Chamberlain which was very popular in the army. These games are played with 15 red balls, one black ball and a white ball . Neville Bowes Chamberlain and his comrades â€Å"black ball into the bag,† the game is too easy, make them feel boring, we decided to add the yellow, pink, green three ball up. Then, they make coupled with a blue ball and brown ball. Since then, 22 ball snooker has been popular around the world The ancient Greeks in 776 BC, the introduced the Games (for peace) which was held in Olympia every four years. Games held during the Greek athletes and near the common people gathered in the beautiful town of Olympia in southern Greece scenery. In the first Olympic Games held there in 776 BC, the Dorians Klose 192.27 meters sprint game champions, the International Olympic Committee was awarded a title of a project. Later, the Games of ancient Greece are gradually expanded the scale and change to a display of national spirit of the event.

Internal Business Process Perspective

Internal Business Process Prospective BUS 499 – Strategic Management Module 3 Case February 1, 2013 Duke Children’s Hospital fell into a crisis within the mid-1990s. Expenses were rising while dramatic reductions in net margin were occurring. Staff productivity fell and staff satisfaction was at an all-time low. They overcame the crisis by implementing the balanced scorecard. Their way of designing their scorecard catered to their business in healthcare. The higher officials of Duke Children’s Hospital made a three-step process in designing their balanced scorecard. The three steps of proven rapid-fire approach are to: get connected, get results, and get smarter† (Meliones, 2001). Step one consisted of establishing key linkages. By linking the mission, strategy, objectives, targets, key performance indicators, and initiatives across the organization, stakeholders within the hospital were able to stay on the same end goals. Each stakeholder was given informa tion to diagnose opportunities for improvement. There were three vital areas that helped the scorecard stay connected. Key performance indicators linked the business and clinical aspects of healthcare.Staff satisfaction was related to preserving or increasing quality of care. Regulatory area maintained the compliance of laws and procedures within the organization. Step two consisted of analyzing performance to get results. Data was collected to enhance the productivity and satisfaction of stakeholders within the hospital. The goal was to â€Å"improve performance in stakeholders while enhancing quality† (Meliones, 2001). This affects the customer perspective by increasing customer satisfaction. The key factor to help analyze data and improve efficiency was to implement new technology.By supplementing telephone calls with fax and email and setting up automated notifications, the â€Å"total denials decreased from fifteen percent to less than one percent† (Meliones, 2001 ). Step three consisted of gaining knowledge and strategic control of your organization by getting smarter. New ideas and approaches result in making new connections. The scorecard was updated accordingly to maintain the key goals. By implementing the balances scorecard, the hospital was able to track stakeholder’s performance data while keeping an eye on the effects of the business process.Each stakeholder was analyzed with their own data instead of looking at the department as a whole. This stopped stakeholders from pointing fingers at one another when a mistake within the department was made. Physicians, clinicians, and nurses were tracked in an integrated matrix to optimize performance. The balanced scorecard focused on the internal business process of â€Å"operations management, customer management, innovation, and regulatory and social clusters† (Niven, 2010). By making certain stakeholders adjust their performance according to data, an increase in productivity was accomplished in an intelligent matter.By increasing efficiency without compromising quality, cost per case was reduced and patient satisfaction increased. Duke Children’s Hospital became a well-known treatment center for children. Within the customer management, prospective patients were wooed by the increase in acknowledgements and success of the hospital. This may have helped gain and attract new customers. Innovation was a big factor within Duke Children’s hospital. Officials implemented â€Å"the use of technology to turn data into information† (Meliones).By updating their system of keeping track of financial and customer data, shareholders performance and satisfaction increased while gaining efficiency throughout the internal process. The regulatory and social perspective was readily focused in their step one of implementing their balanced scorecard. The hospital was ready to â€Å"facilitate regulatory compliance as a collateral benefit of routine cli nical practice† (Meliones, 2001). Employees of Duke Children’s hospital were the main characters affected within the change of the internal business perspective.Before the balanced scorecard was implemented, staff productivity was in decline and staff satisfaction was at an all-time low. The positive shift in staff satisfaction and productivity was seen after the step one and two of implementing the scorecard. Employees were connected with the same mission and strategy of the whole organization. After analyzing their performance results, stakeholders were able to improve the way they work and handle patients. Clinicians, physicians, and nurses were able to provide quality clinical care without dramatically affecting the financial performance.This aligned each stakeholder within the system into a single platform. The key was â€Å"to identify the key drivers of their performance and implement initiatives to optimize them† (Meliones, 2001). The customers of Duke Ch ildren’s hospital saw a major change in efficiency within the organization. Without cutting staff, the hospital was able to â€Å"improve their performance while enhancing quality† (Meliones, 2001). By implementing a new system of records, patients were able to pay bills on time without suffering through denial claims. Automatic reports gave patients the qualitative data they needed to for physicians and nurses to evaluate.The hospital was able to work in sync to provide excellent care for new patients. Duke Children’s hospital did a superb job in implementing, planning, and executing their transition to the balance scorecard. Officials of the hospital knew they had a crisis within their hands. If they did not change their ways, the future of the hospital would be at stake. By planning a three-step process of shifting their strategic management, officials were able to improve all perspectives within the hospital. â€Å"The cost per case was reduced from $14,889 to $10,500† (Meliones, 2001).This resulted in a $30 million reduction in cost within four years. The net margin shifted into the positive by $4 million from a previously negative $11 million, all within four years. Productivity and staff satisfaction grew to elevating levels. The significant transition of the hospital is clear evidence that the implemented scorecard positively changed the hospital. The three-step process was the framework that guided their goals. The strategy of Duke Children’s hospital should be guidance for all businesses in any industry to accept and try the balanced scorecard management system. ReferencesCQI (2012) Introduction to Quality. The Chartered Quality Institute. Retrieved August 24, 2012, from http://www. thecqi. org/Knowledge-Hub/Resources/Factsheets/Introduction-to-quality/ Meliones, Jon N. ; Ballard, Richard; Liekweg, Richard; & Burton, William (2001, April). No mission () no margin: It's that simple. Journal of Health Care. 27(3): 21- 30. Retrieved May 17, 2010, from the library: https://coursenet. trident. edu Niven, P. (N. D. ) Internal Process perspective. EPM Review. Retrieved May 17, 2010, from http://www. epmreview. com/Resources/Articles/InternalProcess-Perspective. html

Give a concise account of the origin and development of arcades Essay

Give a concise account of the origin and development of arcades. Explain their significance in 19th and early 20th century archi - Essay Example Arcades changed this, as they provided shoppers a comfortable atmosphere to shop. The consumers were sheltered from the elements in the shopping arcades, while being given a leisurely place to browse. While the true arcades did not come into being until the early 19th Century, they have their origins in Muslim bazaars, which were enclosed spaces where people could gather and shop. These bazaars enclosed not just shopping, but mosques and schools. The arcades were modeled after these bazaars, as the arcades provided the same service to consumers as the bazaars – shelter from the elements, and a collective meeting ground. The arcades flourished throughout the 19th Century, then fell out of favour in the 20th Century, as fewer buildings were constructed symmetrically with a narrow alleyway between them. Officials by then had recognized the health hazard of tightly compacted spaces. Although the arcades diminished, they did not die, as the writings of Walter Benjamin revived inter est in them. Benjamin saw the arcades as being a way to provide insight that might elude us in our waking hours, as he thought that they provided â€Å"rare shafts of insight [to] illuminate the ruins of our energies that time has passed by.†2 One can now shop in enclosed spaces in both shopping malls and modern-day arcades. The Donegall Arcade in Belfast is just one example of a modern-day arcade. This essay will trace the origins and characteristics of the arcade, explain why they were important to urbanism, how Walter Benjamin reconceived them, and how they are a part of the modern-day fabric. The Social History of the Arcade The arcade, according to Geist (1983)3, has its origins in the Islamic Bazaars (Figure 1).4 Figure 1 – Islamic Bazaar Source: Geiste, J. Arcades. London: MIT Press, 1983, p. 5 These bazaars were building complexes that were necessitated by the hot desert sun of the Muslim countries, The architecture, and Muslim life, â€Å"unfolded only in the courtyards.†5 Geist (1983) states that the arcade came into fashion because there was a need for streets that were clean and free of danger. Around 1800, according to Geist (1983), Parisian streets were dangerous and of threatening proportions. Pedestrians were threatened by the carriages and the cars on the poorly designed medieval streets. The streets were also turned into mud by the rain. Thus, there was a need for pedestrians to walk on clean sidewalks that were out of the elements. Koloff (1849)6 states that industry was the reason for the arcades, because industry was the reason why the streets were becoming so crowded. Retail trade withdrew from the city towards what would now be known as the suburbs, and the inner city had to compete with this exodus. The arcade was thus born out of necessity. Large clusters of buildings, which surrounded heavily populated streets, were cut through so that the pedestrian could get out of the crowded streets. In the passageway was comm erce - merchants would set up booths to hawk their wares.7 The closed arcades came next, in which the pedestrian could feel that he had set foot in another world that was always dry. It was always warm in the winter and cool in the summer, and never dusty or dirty.8 Geiste (1983) states that the two arcades – the closed and open – appeared at the same time. The open arcades were used for manufacturing and